Psychology

If I describe Juan as  possessive  or Anita as  friendly,  I am employing the use of
trait-descriptive adjectives.
inner psychological states.
strategies to attain goals.
inner qualities of personality.

Traits define the __________ tendencies of an individual person.
central
average
overt
outlying

The trait of courageousness is an especially good example of
an adaptive trait.
how traits are consistent.
how traits are activated only under certain conditions.
how traits change over time.

Personality is
outside the person.
inside the person.
both outside and inside the person.
inside or outside, depending on the person.

The Trait Emotional Stability on the Big 5
A. Is a good way to diagnose those who will have serious emotional disorders
B. May actually be a measure of  emotional  reactivity and calmness
C. Indicates the presence of anxiety disorder
D. Does not measure anything meaningful and should be dropped from the Big 5

To say that someone has the trait of happiness, you need to know that the person
is happy at a given moment.
is frequently happy.
remembers being happy.
makes others happy.

Every time Sid walks into the room everyone laughs. This demonstrates the person-environment interaction of
evocation.
elocution.
exultation.
emaciation.

To say that a trait is adaptive means that the trait
is the result of sexual selection.
easily changes as necessary.
serves a useful function.
indicates psychopathology.

A  domain of knowledge  is a
laboratory where personality research is conducted.
single theory about the nature of personality.
specialty area of science and scholarship.
grand theory of personality psychology.

Jay is interested in investigating unconscious conflict in a sample of college interns. Jay will most likely use the methods and theories associated with the ______ domain of personality.
dispositional
biological
social and cultural
intrapsychic

Which domain of knowledge places the most emphasis on the external (to the person) dimensions of personality
dispositional
social and cultural
biological
intrapsychic

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental question of people who study traits
How can traits be changed
How should  trait  be defined
How can we identify which traits are most important
How can we develop a comprehensive taxonomy of traits

The lexical approach assumes that
the lexicon is an unchanging catalog of human traits.
humans invented words to describe all of the important personality traits.
statistical techniques, like factor analysis, are poor ways of discovering important personality traits.
new words in the lexicon are better at describing personality traits than old words.

_____ is a statistical approach that identifies groups of items that are similar to each other.
Orthogonality
Factor analysis
The act frequency approach
Rational scale construction

Juanita is observed as being somewhat aloof and distant. She tends to lead a predictable and well organized life. Juanita is demonstrating behaviors related to Eysenck s dimension of
introversion.
conscientiousness.
emotional stability
psychoticism.

Fred is an excessive worrier, who always seems tense and has trouble sleeping. His friends report that he has very low self-esteem and is moody much of the time. Fu is demonstrating behaviors related to Eysenck s dimension of
introversion.
quarrelsomeness.
psychoticism.
neuroticism.

Cattell s taxonomy included _____ traits.
two
three
five
sixteen

The Big 5  model is a combination of _____ and _____ approaches to studying personality taxonomies.
lexical and statistical
lexical and biological
theoretical and statistical
statistical and causal

Ted likes people and does not like arguments or confrontation. He is likely high in
surgency.
agreeableness.
conscientiousness.
emotional stability.

A person who engages in risky sexual behavior would have this combination of Big Five  factor traits
high neuroticism, low conscientious, and low agreeableness.
high extraversion, low conscientiousness, and moderate emotional stability.
high extraversion, high openness to experience, and low conscientiousness.
high neuroticism, low intellect, and low extraversion.

The finding that sensation seeking tends to decrease with age is an example of
mean level stability
mean level change
rank order stability.
rank order instability.

If an individual maintains his or her rank order for a trait relative to a group, but changes the behaviors manifested by that trait over time that individual is exhibiting
mean level stability.
rank order stability.
personality coherence.
validity coefficients.

Personality changes take place when those changes are _____ and _____.
internal progressive
external phenotypical
internal enduring
external durable

Research suggests that children classified as bullies in the 6th grade
will be more popular in the 10th grade.
will become  whipping boys  by the 7th grade.
are more likely to commit criminal acts in adulthood.
are more likely to have been bullied by parents.

Traits from the five-factor model have been found to
be only slightly stable in adulthood.
be moderately stable in adulthood.
lack stability in early adulthood.
have population stability in adulthood.

Researchers have found that personality stability
does not change reliably over time.
tends to decrease with age.
tends to increase with age.
is best estimated by validity coefficients.

28. Trait levels of _____ and _____ tend to increase with age.
agreeableness openness to experience
extraversion openness to experience
neuroticism extraversion
conscientiousness agreeableness

29. People whose actual selves are close to their ideal selves score high on measures of
A. possible selves.
B. feared selves.
C. desired selves.
D. self-esteem.

30. Sidney is interested in differences in the levels of extraversion of British men and Italian men. Sidney will most likely use the methods and theories used by researchers studying personality within the _____ domain.
cognitive-experiential
dispositional
social and cultural
intrapsychic

31. When Maria was a child she was always did her homework on time and was an excellent student. As an adult Maria is a highly organized business woman with a reputation for meeting deadlines. Maria s behavior throughout her life
mean level reliability.
rank order stability.
mean level stability.
personality coherence

32. The goal of those working in this domain is to identify and measure the most important ways in which individuals differ from one another
A. Biological
B. Intrapsychic
C. Dispositional
D. Social and Cultural

33. In scoring a personality inventory, the process of converting a raw score to a
Normed score
A. provides a simpler number with which to work
B. establishes statistical validity
C. provides an estimate of a percentile score
D. establishes personality coherence

34. In Block and Robbins  study of changes in self esteem, females who showed increased self esteem between the ages of 14 and 23 were less likely to have which of the following traits
A. generosity
B. a poor sense of humor
C. protectiveness
D. sensitivity to the feelings of others

35. Cognition is to affect as
A. feeling is to thinking
B. reason is to emotion
C. thinking is to memory
D. laughing is to memorizing