Psychology

Biofeedback is a learned process that involves   the in controlling physiological responses of the body. These responses can be either in the voluntary system, such as skeletal musculature, or in the involuntary, or autonomic, nervous system, such as heart rate, vascular responses frequently indirectly measured as temperature, and sympathetic discharges measured by the electrical skin response 1.
Biofeedback can be used to control certain biological responses that cause health problems, such as headaches, chronically taut muscles got from accidents or sports injuries, asthma, high blood pressure, and heart arrhythmias. It is a method often used instead of a complementation to drugs as a way of pain control. A hypothesis to explain biofeedback mechanism phenomenon, lies in the concept of variable set points in our brain. The processes are largely based upon the concept of maintaining a state of homeostasis, or equilibrium. These various points of biological equilibrium can be considered as our bodies set points. An example of such a set point is the regulation of body temperature by the hypothalamus. The variable properties of these set points explains how sweet cools off our bodies on a hot day, or why people tend to shudder when they are feverish these conditions that the body endures causes the hypothalamus to re-establish respectively lower and higher set points2.
How biofeedback produce a relaxing state of mind and body

What is physiology
Physiology is the study of life, specifically, on how cells, tissues, and organisms function. The key areas range from the functions of single cells to the interactions between human populations and our environment here on earth, the moon, and beyond. Physiologists work in laboratories, in libraries, in the field, and in space. For example, a physiologist may study how a particular enzyme contributes to the functions of a specific cell or sub cellular organelle.Physiology is important because it is the foundation upon which we build our knowledge of what life is, how to treat disease, and how to cope with stresses imposed upon our bodies by new environments. Physiological studies of normal biological function provide the basis for understanding the abnormal function seen in animal and human disease and for developing new methods for treating those diseases. The study of physiological processes can encompass a wide array of other disciplines, such as neurophysiology, pharmacology, cell biology, and psychology etc 3. 

Physiology theories
As stated by John Dewey4, States that As pain can be differentiated from the sensations in connection with which it generally appears in consciousness, as it shows itself under circumstances in which the tissue of the end organs or the nerves themselves are affected, and as in the diseases in which we find pain as a constant concomitant, those parts are affected, which are richly supplied with blood vessels by means of supporting and nourishing tissues, and as in those diseases which pass usually without pain the tissues affected are poorly supplied with such blood vessels, and enter into relation with the capillaries generally through the lymph, for the purposes of secretion, it becomes at least probable that, physiologically, pain may be considered as the interference through poisons or violence or otherwise with the process of nutrition as carried out in the finer arteries and blood vessels. Pleasure must from this standpoint be considered as physiologically the normal or rather heightened process of nutrition in the organs, and the nerve paths which connect these with the central nervous system would be probably the sympathetic.

The theoretical foundations of the whole body breathing and exercising
During intense exercise, circulatory systems must deliver large amounts of oxygen to tissues and remove large amounts of carbon oxide. When the mitochondria inside animal cells are producing ATP via cellular respiration, they consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. To support continued ATP production, cells have to obtain oxygen and expel excess carbon dioxide continuously. If the volume of carbon dioxide is allowed to accumulate up in tissues, depilating disease symptoms may appear. And if oxygen flow to tissues is interrupted, suffocation or drowning may results. Death occurs because ATP production stops. The gas exchanged between animals mitochondria and the external environment, gases and other materials are circulated throughout the body. This is a mechanism of response to homeostasis with respect to blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels and with respect to blood pressure.5 Respiration as a physiological system that has the potential to mediate stress- related symptoms. The acid-base regulation that occurs during breathing, involves hyperventilation a process where by more tidal flow of air is necessary to preserve the acid-base balance. This process produces symptoms characterized as stress related like dizziness, palpitations, dyspnea, panic, chest pain, anxiety.6 understanding gas exchange and circulation is a fundamental to understanding how animals work.

Breathing occurs between the gas is exchanged between the environment and the mitochondria. It follows three sequences of ventilation which occurs when air or water moves through gas exchange organs such as the lungs oxygen and carbon dioxide between and blood occurs circulation occurs when the dissolved gases are transported throughout the body through the circulatory system and cells exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood as mitochondria uses oxygen to release carbon dioxide during respiration.

According to Paul M. Lehrer, Robert L. Wool Flolk and Wesley E sim, exercising as a form of theoretical form of foundation is considered as a variable adjunctive stress management treatment. For anxiety and depression and some other disorders inclusive. They noted that exercising therapy involves responsibility to and communication with other health care professionals. There may be need medical recommendation that is necessary and closely monitored from qualified professionals like physicians, physical therapist, psychiatrist, social workers or counselors. They reported that exercise therapy is considered a valuable adjunctive stress management treatment for anxiety and depression and some other form of disorders inclusive.

Evidence about exercising as a form of treatment shows positive feed back. The mechanism to exercising that benefit cognitively or physiologically is yet to be understood. The dosage required for achievement differs greatly from individual to another, and the form of exercise prescription also varies from one kind to the other. The benefit to an exercise to an optimal benefit appears when a client is actively involved in vigorous movement at least three to five times a week. 

Clinical contradictions
Critics only existed at a time when there was still less advance in science. John H Grohol pointed out, in his argument, that only a single study that appears to contradict his conclusions, which were generality of his conclusions that were dependent on multiple studies. Despite his support of meta-analysis, Dawes often resorts to falling back on one or two studies in a large field to make his point, simply ignoring the rest of the studies in the field 7. But modern day discoveries in science discoveries have proven biofeed back therapy more use full. In treatment that relax muscle and also the heart.  As noted by Kranitz, Linda JD  Lehrer, Paul PhD 7 the use of biofeedback therapies for hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, cardiac ischemia, myocardial infarction, has showed gain.

Biofeed back help to extreme stress and anxiety
According to Dr Melinda Smith 1, Biofeedback as a form of treatment uses sensors that measure specific physiological functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscle tension. Biofeedback teaches you to recognize the bodys anxiety response and learn how to control them using relaxation techniques. This treatment improves the quality of life.

Since Thomas is suffering from the effects of extreme stress and anxiety attacks, he may have benefit from low energy neurotherapy system. A form of biofeed back treatment used to enhances mood and cognitive rehabilitation. This form of therapy increases would increase his flexibility and functioning, learning of all kinds becomes easier, insight comes more readily, and tolerance and patience increase when it comes to the way he should communicate to his teenage son. He may learn new skills of how to father teens more quickly and become more capable of self-management at his food store. For these reasons, this biofeedback type could dramatically enhance the process his other physical and psychological therapies. The reason biofeedback option for his treatment is because the central nervous system symptoms and slow brain waves are related. When Thomas is overly stressed, his brainwaves may get fixed, or stuck in a pattern of predominantly low frequencies. Symptoms may include anxiety, depression, irritability, fatigue, hyperactivity, distractibility, spiciness, mood swings, confusion, disorganization, problems with sleep, concentration, memory and attention, reading comprehension, and following conversations. This biofeedback therapy may help the brains natural ability to perform with clarity, harmony, and balance.

The way low energy neurotherapy system works it reduces EEG by slowing down and optimizes functioning.  In this, Thomass brainwaves would guide the return of feedback to the brain. Feedback is normally provided by an energy field too low that it is only detectable by the brain. The feedback process is considered to reduce EEG hence slowing, and permitting the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of Thomass brain, to work normally again. The normally working of Thomass brain may allow the cortex portion to exercise better control of his mood, cognitive functioning, allow him have smoother and better-coordinated movement, and more restful energy. These changes in his treatment through feedback method, gives him support greater flexibility of functioning as normal as in normal state of mind when he would be stress free. With this form of biofeed back way of treatment, Thomas sensitivity, and the complexity and duration of symptoms may determine on how long treatment may last. Effects of a single upset may be resolved in as few as three or four sessions. Lifelong or complex problems may take 40 or more. Where by a single session may last approximately 45 minutes

Article involving exercise efficiency
Research summary
Study Design. This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled study.

Objective
The comparison of the effectiveness of aquatic exercise interventions with land-based exercises as a form of treatment of chronic low back pain.

Summary of Background Data
Land-based exercise and physiotherapy are the main treatment tools used for chronic lower back pain. Clinical experience indicates that aquatic exercise may have advantages for patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods
A total of 65 patients with chronic low back pain were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive aquatic exercise or land-based exercise treatment protocol. Aquatic exercise program consisted of 20 sessions, five times a week for four weeks in a swimming pool at 33C. Land-based exercise  a form of home-based exercise program were demonstrated by a physiotherapist on one occasion and then they were given written advice the patients were assessed for spinal mobility, pain, disability, and quality of life. Evaluations were performed before treatment and after treatment on the forth week and on the twelfth week.

Results
In both groups, statistically significant improvements were detected in all outcome measures with exceptions in modified Schober test compared with baseline. However, improvement in modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability questionnaire and physical function and role limitations due to physical functioning subpart of Short-Form 36 Health Survey were better in aquatic exercise group at a probability of less than 0.05.

Conclusion
It is concluded that a water-based exercises produced better improvement in disability and quality of life of the patients with CLBP than land-based exercise.