Psychology

Behavioral theory of psychology encompasses the study of observable and quantifiable objects. It is based on learning and centers around visible behavior rather on internal mental state. Skinner and Pavlov are two behavioral theory pioneers for their ideas relating to environment in which reinforcement and extinction are based. Pavlov suggested the classical conditioning approach which was based on pairing or events to let one learn relationship between things. Operational conditioning was outlining of behavior with respect to positive and negative reinforcers and use of punishment to discourage behavior. Modeling technique is learning based on observations, as one learns by copying and examining others (Abnormal Psychology).

Cognitive Theory is based on ones ideas on interpretation of information and source from which it is obtained. Every individual reacts to information in differing ways and their perception drives their thought process. The assumption is based on humans logical thinking process, which will take into account information that makes most sense. False impressions and interpretation of knowledge directs one to negative opinion and attitude (Abnormal Psychology).

Both behavioral and cognitive theories have been merged, to better understand individuals thought process and behaviors that shape those mental instincts. Thus cognitive Behavioral Theory was developed, which is a psychotherapeutic approach that stresses on thoughts and their implication on ones behavior and emotions. It is commonly used to treat phobias. Cognitive-Behavioral therapy helps in controlling negative thoughts that an individual develops for specific objects or fearful situations, and replaces them with more appropriate coherent thoughts (Fritscher, 2009). It helps in mediating the phobias, by understanding the situation and make one use of hisher knowledge to handle situation with intelligence and calm (Cognitive-behavioral therapy).