Psychology

The purpose of this paper is to define and know the meaning, history and purpose of measuring a person or childs IQ. This paper will also show how the IQ testing was developed and what the impact was when this test was brought to America and how it is used today. Further more, this paper will also talk about Brocas and Wernickes aphasia, Stress and theories in universal development.

Human beings all have their own intelligence, one always different form the other.  Every individual is given a certain amount of strength and weakness. Because of this, we are individually motivated to want to learn more and cope with the world and how it evolves.   But since not every person is the same, each persons learning curve varies and differs.  Thus, IQ tests were developed and formulated.

Defining IQ or Intelligence
IQ or Intelligence Quotient is a number used to express the apparent relative intelligence of a person asathe ratio of the mental age (as reported on a standardized test) to the chronological age multiplied by 100ba score determined by ones performance on a standardized intelligence test relative to the average performance of others of the same age. With this definition, it clearly states the value of the tests to determine ones performance.

The most important criterion in diagnosing a child as learning disabled is the IQ test.  The aim of an IQ test is to measure the intelligence of a child, which supposedly is an indication of the childs potential. Intelligence testing began in earnest in France, when in 1904 psychologist Alfred Binet was commissioned by the French government to find a method to differentiate between children who were intellectually normal and those who were inferior.  The purpose was to put the latter into special schools where they would receive more individual attention.  In this way the disruption they caused in the education of intellectually normal children could be avoided. Our society today dictates that we must be able to meet the needs of our childrens not only by nourishment but to prepare and equip them for their future. With todays technology with the help of Binets method to measure a childs intelligence and aptitude, because of this invention that the French commissioned Binet to formulate, it is now easier for individuals and parents to know and understand our childs potential leaning curve than of the decades ago.  We are given today more leverage to not only understand but give our children the right and best education and attention needed (Strydom and du Plessis).

After this the development was known to be the Binet Scale also known as Simon-Binet Scale. The IQ test was used by asking children do activities like following instructions, naming objects and asking them to arrange things accordingly.   Binet gave the test to Paris School children and created a standard based on his data.  For example, if 70 percent of 8-year olds would pass a particular test, then success on the test represented the 8-year old level of intelligence.  Following Binets work, the phrase intelligence quotient or IQ entered the dictionary.  The IQ is the ratio of mental age to chronological age, with 100 being the average. So, an 8 year old who passes the 10-year-olds test would have an IQ of 108 x 100, or 125. To answer how IQ is measured, this is the measured ratio on how one can get the measurement of a persons intelligence.  Although in the event of this revolutionary loom to asses a persons mental age or ability, Binet became watchful of the possible misuse and misunderstanding what is being implied.  The test was designed to serve as a guide to assist and identify students who would need special help in school and had no intension to use as a device to rank all students.

Is Intelligence single, inborn or is a combination of several different abilities
I believe that people are not born with single intelligence. Individuals are born uniquely and the level or capacity of learning differs on various reasons.  One may be articulate because he or she was raised by parents or was exposed to it as a child.  Children are like sponges that absorbs every little bit of information and as they grow older, these information and events that they saw as a child will stay or is retained in their memory banks.  Some have the smarts to go through life because of life situations and scenarios that they have encountered as they were growing up that led them to be street smart.  A persons intelligence is not all about genes and family lineages or because one was born into it. There are a lot of facets that one is intelligent or smart.

Exploring language and communication and are they similar
The definition of language is a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols and communication is the activity of communicating the activity of conveying information.  Language is what a person uses to say or send thing across and communication is how one may transport the information.  Though language and communication work hand in hand but they are not similar.  Language is the speech or the dialect that one will use to be able to express ones thoughts, emotions and ideas.  However communication is the action of an individual to express his or her thoughts, emotions and ideas.

Brocas and Wernickes aphasia.
Broca aphasia is an impairment that a person can usually understand what words mean, but have trouble performing the motor or output aspects of speech. As defined in the dictionary aphasia is the  loss or impairment of the power to use or comprehend words usually resulting from brain damage and the Broca is known as the lower part of the left frontal lobe which makes this the main language in the cerebral cortex which controls the aspects of speech. Thus the name Broca aphasia was derived and invented.

Wernickes aphasia is a language disorder that impacts language comprehension and the production of meaningful language. The disorder is related to damage to the Wernickes Area. Individuals with Wernickes aphasia have difficulty understanding spoken language but are able to produce sounds, phrases, and word sequences. While these utterances have the same rhythm as normal speech, they are not language because no information is conveyed. (About.com)

Coping with stress.
There are three ways to cope with stress 1.) make decisions, 2.) avoid procrastination, and 3.) delegate.  There are two areas for making decisions. The first, is to think about your problems or the situations that you are in and think clearly about the possible things that you may do or make to resolve the situations.  Second, make a list of the your options and point out the pros and cons of each choice.  Another thing that adds up to stress is procrastinating.  The more that we prolong accomplishing our projects, the nearer and the lesser time we have to do and finish them.  Having less time to accomplish a task will lead us to stress and possible produce a mediocre job. And lastly, delegating tasks to group mates will help prevent you from stress.  Delegating is not equal to bossing people around, it is merely evenly giving or assigning them their share of the work load.

But since we are only human and we tend to overlook things as trivial as mentioned above, here are some ways to get off stress Breathing exercise, Progressive relaxation, Stretching exercise, Walking and sleeping well.