Psychology

The personality of any individual is determined by the early childhood stages, the childrens environment and how they are nurtured. Both the physical and mental development is largely determined by these two important aspects. Indeed at child age one can be molded to any specialist at early childhood. Ultimately therefore, the main determinant of personality of an individual is social and motor development during the early stages. The two domains of development I discuss in this case are the social domain and the motor domain. In this paper, I look at how a child develops his motor and sociability. This, I do with reference to Alexs case given.

Social and Motor Development
In developmental psychology, social development is very important and is largely determined at the early stages. Besides the motor skills development are largely supported by the cognitive aspect of learning. For purposes of this paper I look at motor development as a process of gaining flexibility in the general body motion. While social development is change in behavior associated with the interaction with the environment. The motor domain looks at how children increase their ability to solve the problems that they are faced with through body movement. Motor development can be achieved through strategized problems. Such problems will assist children learn how to develop skills. In this case Alex is faced with the problem of identifying the different type of colors. To teach him the concept the mother takes several colors, the objective being that Alex should be able to identify the colors. For this to be effective the mom dully involves him, every other time she does picks a crayon and asks Alex to identify the colors. By the end of the session it is evident that Alex is able to discriminate the different colors.

By moving and taking the crayons from the shelf, it means Alex has developed his motor skills well. Similarly observing his movement from one place to another, it means he has undergone a considerable psychomotor skills development.

Information processing theory also assumes that cognitive development is a self modifying process. In other words the child uses the strategies she has acquired to from the earlier problem solution to modify her responses to a new problem. In this way children play an active role in their own development.
Ross P and Mary G p315
It is within this context that Alex is able identifying the colors towards the end of the session. It is also important to note that at different levels children will have different attention capacities. It is for this reason that the mother to Alex, after a short learning session gives his time before coming in with another concept of shapes. Ultimately the two domains of development are evidently addressed. The learner is able to distinguish the colors, the cognitive domain. The learner is also able to assign the different names to the colors, language domain.

The fact that Alex sits and waits for the mother to finish washing is in itself learning. This is an indication that he does understand that the mother is not able to attend to two issues at ago. By waiting Alex shows that he has been dully taught the requisite standards of conducting himself. Similarly, remaining busy watching television shows that he has learnt that he should not idle around.  When called onto the table by the mother for learning, Alex picks his crayons and drawing book and walks over. This is a show that he knows what is required of him. This is ordinarily developed over time. Besides, the fact that sits at his chair and waits for instruction. Vividly, he understands the environment within which learning can take place.

When teaching different concepts, it is worthwhile noting that we should be able to give a time lapse, this will allow learners to digest what has been taught to them in previous sessions and facilitate discrimination where need be. By giving Alex time before moving to the concepts of shapes, the mother was simply trying to give time for Alex to internalize what she had initially taught. To reinforce the behavior, the mother hags Alex every time he gives a correct answer, this is a form of reinforcing the behavior as was postulated by B.F skinner in operant conditioning. The learner here learns that every time he does the right thing there will always be a reward, a hag, which reinforces the act.

Similarly by identifying the different shapes and assigning them names means he is developing his cognition. The two level of development definitely go hand in hand. After the learning session the mother tells Alex to keep away the books and the crayon, which Alex does. In giving instructions the mother is still testing the understanding by Alex, entirely, all is a learning process. Alex puts everything at its place and rushes for a bath. Notice that the learning session was as brief. In teaching or facilitating the learning process, it is important to note that it takes place at different rates and at different levels. It is for this salient reason that the mother taught for such a short period. Besides, the content was very little yet enough at the level of Alex.

The mother the uses known knowledge of crayons to teach the concept of shapes. This brings in the idea of delivering content from known to unknown. The mother then merges the two concepts by asking Alex to color the shapes. Although Alex does the painting it is evident that Alexs motor skills are low, that is why he ends up coloring the entire page. In addition he is not able to identify the boundaries of the drawings. This gives the starting point for the mother in the next session. It is however important to note that the age at which one learns is not static.

Some variability in IQ scores reflects the fact that different children develop cognitively at different rates of speed, just as they experience physical growth in spurts and at different ages (Garlick et al, 2005). These variations in cognitive development affect the reliability of IQ scores. Experimental factors may also contribute to changes in IQ. Stressful life events, such as parental divorce, or death or a change in school can cause at least temporary disruptions in the cognitive performance. Indeed children who show dramatic changes in IQ over time have often experience lutants Ross P and Mary G,  p.365

This shows that the environment has a pivotal role in the shaping of learners. The events that take place in the life of the learner at early age ordinarily affect his cognitive and language development.

There is no uniformity of the learning process from birth to twelve years of age. After six years of age normally the learning process is faster for those with a relatively high IQ. However, relatively, the rate changes as the age progresses. Motor development on the other hand is faster for male learners than female learners. In the light of this it is worth noting that we should consider giving the male learners a little more time when it comes to language development. On the contrary, the male learners tend to grasp scientific principles relatively faster. In view of the assertions it is important that we do consider these disparities in the learning process.

From the case of Alex, it is empirically evident that the way he has been brought up, nurtured, played a major role, not only in his learning process but also on his social and motor development. The interaction between the mother and Alex is a show of how Alex has developed socially. He waits for the mother to finish washing as he watches cartoons. This in itself shows that he has been molded by the up-bringing. Alex is organized, he is aware that it is his responsibility to learn, it is for this reason that even before the mother is ready, for the session he is put.

After the learning session Alex puts back his books and the crayons in their rightful place. This shows a high level of social development. By the social development theory, it is indicative that the interaction between the mother and the child plays a major role in the development of Alex. To develop ones psychomotor skills one should be dully involved in physical activities. This activities will make a learner relative agile. The motor development can also be enhanced through play. In playing learning are forced to develop solutions to problems with which they are faced.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the learning process is both interactive and hands-on. For the learning process to be effective, the interaction with those around the learner plays a key role. It is therefore imperative that the environment be positive in its orientation. Learner will develop certain virtues by shear fact of interaction. Besides, it is not just the interaction but also the way we do interact. At childhood, reinforcement plays such an important role. In deed therefore it not only nature that determines one destiny but also nurture. The best interplay of the two gives the best of ones learning process and ultimately determines the learning process.