Interference on the other side occurs due to conflict in information filing. That is old learnt information may interfere with new learnt information (Proactive interference) or new learnt information may interfere with old learnt information (Retroactive interference). Interference occurs due to poor filing of information in memory and especially poor mastery of closely related sets of information. A good example occurs when a teacher administers two sets of tests, that is test A and test B in two different phases. Elements of test A common in test B may confuse students as they take test B and this affects performance.
Retrieval failure refers to the in ability of an individual to recall information from long-term memory back to consciousness. The ideology behind retrieval failure states that available information stored in long term memory can a times be difficult to access due to the fact the retrieval cues have become defective .Both decay and interference theories are responsible for retrieval failure. However, motivation is an important element in learning which highly influences the retrieval ability. When learning an intrinsically motivating subject retrieval chances are high and vise versa.
Repression and suppression are two types of defense mechanism highly used to overcome tension. Suppression refers to the act of blocking destructing information from reachingaccessing the conscious mind. It is a conscious choice for an individual to indulge or fail to indulge hisher a mind to a particular thought, feeling or action. It is a defense mechanism which helps us to engage in our own activities and affairs without necessarily getting distracted by each and every impulse which arises by basically choosing not to mentally engage in such thoughts. Repression is closely similar to suppression. Repression occurs when we strongly deny that an element exists. The repressed element may at times visit our conscious mind but the individual mentally denies its access and it is thus prohibited from getting to our awareness. This idea is blocked because it has been proved to be potentially disruptive. For instance, a person who might have encountered abuse especially during the early childhood years may have difficulty forming relationships in adult life. Bitter experiences encountered previously will continue to influence ones future life.
Forgetting is in other words referred to as retention loss. This is actually an apparent loss of data which has already been encoded and stored in the long term memory. It is a gradual spontaneous process whereby old memories become unable to be retrieved from storage memory to conscious mind.
Dependent learning is a state of learning that is associated with a specific state of wakefulness or sleep or rather with a chemically altered state, so that the information learnt cannot be retrieved or recalled unless the person or organism is restored to the very initial state which existed when learning occurred. For example, some people who attend lectures when in a drunken state can only remember things when they are drunk and they cannot recall anything while sober.
The theory of interference models was highly intriguing. The patterns of how information is filed in memory and especially closely related sets of information were amazing to learn about since they have helped me realize why a times I am not able to recall something I very well thought I know about. Getting to master information clearly and having clear cut demarcations of different sets of closely related pieces of information is extremely important to avoid interference. I have realized that I dont just forget a times but I fail to retrieve information in my memory simply because I placed a certain piece of information in the wrong catalogue due to lack of adequate mastery of information.
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