Psychology

There are a number of theoretical models of counseling philosophy. Some of these are best used in specified needs and situations. Additionally, a sound theoretical approach is imperative to the professional integrity of counseling philosophy. Therefore, this paper identifies and provides a brief summary of three theories of counseling philosophy. The three theories identified in Selective Theory Sorter (STS) comprise of Existential theory, Cognitive-behavioral theory, and Client-centered-theory.
Explaining human behavior is very important in determining whether one is mentally sound. Cognitive-behavioral theory is a theory that attempts to unfold human behavior by comprehending the thought processes. The assumption of this theory is that human are rational beings that formulate decisions which make sense to them (Fritcher, 2009). A number of philosophical therapists utilize the concept of this theory in treating patients diagnosed with mental problems. The approach involves cognitive behavioral therapy which is integrated as a single treatment. The behavioral part of therapy teaches clients to adjust learned reactions which cause maladaptive behaviors. The therapy is founded on the assumption that thoughts, and not exterior stimuli, directly result into behavioral, emotional, and cognitive reaction of an individual.  On the other hand, cognitive therapy heartens the client to adjust from negative and irrational thinking patterns to alleviate poignant symptoms caused by thoughts (Fritcher, 2009).

Client-centered-theory is sometimes referred to as Person-centered theory. This theory encompasses two wide assumptions of formative tendency and actualizing tendency. Under the assumption of formative tendency, all matter, both inorganic and organic, develops from simpler forms to extra complex forms (Ryan, 2009). Under the assumption of actualizing tendency, all human beings move towards fulfillment or completion of potentials and that tendencies may sometimes exist to offer both enhancement and maintenance in human life. Carl Rogers the designer of client centered theory, emphasized that human beings move toward enhancing and maintaining themselves. He further termed this theory as a theory of restoring individuals to complete function. The therapy designed with the idea of client centered theory in mind is based on attitudes and holds that counselors or therapist ought to treat clients in therapy with empathetic understanding and unconditional positive regard. This theory never diagnoses clients disorders or recommend any treatments, but it commands the therapist to fully listen to an understanding of clients disturbing requirements (Ryan, 2009).

Besides, Existential theory characterizes humans as creatures of continual transformation and change, living basically restricted lives in context of individual weaknesses and strengths as well as limitations and opportunities created by available environment (May, 1983). This theory is all about discovering value, meaning, and learning to living authentically and in accordance with personal priorities, ideals, and values.  Authentic existence means being factual to oneself as well as honest concerning ones limitations and possibilities, continually making ones identity even in deep ambiguity about anything in the future. It as well means existing purposely, rather than by default. Existential approach therefore, starts with a wider view of human subsistence than any other theoretical approach which focuses on precise psychological mechanism primarily (May, 1983). Finally, existential theory matches my personality as well as beliefs and remains the most appealing theory to me.